How the Role of Women Has Changed Essay

How much has the role of women changed in the last 30 years? Since the introduction of the pill on the NHS and the equal pay act we have seen massive changes in how women are viewed in society. In this essay I will be looking at how these have changed societies views and how they have affected women. I want to research this topic as I believe that there has been great leaps forward in how women are able to live and how this is now affecting the rest of the world. I will be analysing some of the recent changes in polices and attitudes that have taken place that have allowed women to become more productive members in the professional working environment. Over the last 30 years of feminism we have seen women shaking off the stereo typical attitude of females being second class citizens. Women are now able to go into higher education and thus allowing them showing great determination, will power, stamina and courage to apply and take on the role of many high powered jobs that were once only seen as a job for males. And now women have greater opportunities than ever before. But they are showing a lower sense off well being this seems to come as quite a shock as women have managed to liberate theme self’s from the traditional view.(http://www.dailymail.co.uk) Women have never had so much equity that they have now and we are now seeing female miners ,doctors and dentist which shows that they can get on any single job that they want. Women are still able to have children some as much two or three and are still managing to keep up a balance of family and work life.(http://www.dailymail.co.uk) The introduction of the pill has had the biggest social and family impact that has been seen in our time. When it was first introduced the government was not happy about providing it to all women as they did not want to be seen to promote promiscuity so they mainly issued it to older women who already had children and did not want to have any more. But in a controversial move in 1974 saw family planning clinics give the pill out to single women which made it a lot easer for theme to decide if they wanted to have children. It is now estimated that two million women in England and Wales take the pill and 70% of all women have at some stage been prescribed the pill.( http://www.bbc.co.uk)This was revolutionary for women at the time now they have a greater freedom than ever before. Women could now decide when they got pregnant which means they could go on to higher education and become a career woman not just a mother and house wife. The introduction of the Equal Pay Act 1970 ,now the Equity Act 2010, was supposed to close the gap on the amount that men got paid compared to women for doing the same job. But recent statistics show that men still earn more in 370 out of 426 job classification than women who earn more in only 53 job classifications. Ruth Sealy, Deputy director of the International Centre for Women Leaders at Cranford University said â€Å"it’s appalling how can this be when we have equality laws?†(http://www.guardian.co.uk) The government has made a decision to change one of it’s polices in the Equality Act that would have made companies disclose the percentage of pay differences between men and women by 2013 .Sealy believes that this policy is responsible for the 2 % decline in the pay gap between men and women in 2011 and now it is not in place the pay gap may start to increase again.(http://www.guardian.co.uk) Although this dose sound like the Equality Act is not working as it was intended to there is light at the end of tunnel. Lord Davies independent review into woman on boards has given Britain’s 100 biggest companies until 2015 to increase the amount of women who sit on boards from 12.5% to 25%. There has already been a marked improvement since the report has been published the figures have went up by 2.5% to 15% Lord Davies said† this is amazing progress†. (http://www.telegraph.co.uk) Family life has changed over the last 30 years we are now seeing more women going into work which means that there are now two incomes coming into the family home and people are now living better that they once did. Women are now living like men once did they are going out to work meeting new people and enjoying a social life away from the husband. And it seems that men are staying at home and spend more time with the children.(http://www.guardian.co.uk) A recent study carried out by the Equal Opportunities Commission found that 69% agreed that there life’s are becoming more similar in rearguards to how much time they can spend between work and family life. Now women are spending more time at work it means that they have to rush home to see the children before bed time or to care for a relative. Due to this change people are becoming more worried about family life how is it going to turn out if this sexual revaluation is going to continue we will need to start looking at the policy that are in place for the elderly and disabled so we can give them more of a say on how they want to live if the availability of family care is going to reduce.(http://www.guardian.co.uk) Women have moved dramatically forward in the last 30 years there have been so many changes in the attitudes of society that have enabled women to feel more empowered about the choices that they can make in their own life. The attitude that people have towards women is far from the typical attitude that people had in regards what role women should take on as they are no longer expected to be the house wife or the mum. Women are now becoming professionals and are now sitting on the boards of some of the most powerful companies in the world. This is all great but how is this affecting the way in which parents bring up families if men and women are now living similar life’s how will be able to bring up our family and give the parental support to the children if both the parents are out trying to promote there careers. If this is going to continue people will need to start thinking about the future of family life. We will have to find a way in which family’s will be able to function at a normal level and still be able to support women to carry on and progress even further. Is it going to be a case some fifty years down the line that the gender revaluation has went so far that the roles of men and women will have completely turned around. Our will the gender revaluation reach a point where both sexes are able to work and provide a healthy family life. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15984258 (Date accessed 20/03/2012) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1189894/Women-happy-years-ago-.html (Date accessed 25/03/2012) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1189856/M-S-boss-Stuart-Rose-Glass-ceiling-Women-good-workplace.html (Date accessed 02/04/2012) http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/mar/08/four-decades-on-equal-pay-yet-to-come (Date accessed 03/04/2012) http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2005/nov/23/equality.socialcare ( Date accessed 04/04/2012) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jobs/9090327/Lord-Davies-shakes-up-Britains-boardrooms.html (Date accessed 06/04/2012) Richard D. Gross (1994). Key Studies in Psychology. 2nd ed. London: Hodder And Stoughton. 100.

Exploring the Biological Perspective on Depression

Approximately 80% of people who experience depression are currently not receiving any treatment. This statistic Is sad because depression Is one of the most treatable Illnesses. If treated with the proper medication and or therapy, 80% to 90% will find relief. By the year 2020, depression will be the second most common health problem in the world (SYS). I believe depression to be a very Interesting topic because as common as depression is, there is still a stigma attached to â€Å"being depressed. † I currently suffer from depression and would like to know more about it and the different treatments that are available.In this study, I will explain, discuss, and elaborate upon the point of view, assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses of the biological perspective on depression. The biological perspective focuses on how the brain functions and the influence of genetics on behavior. Therefore, the biological perspective explains depression as it relates to the functions of the bra in. There are roughly ten million cells, called neurons, In your brain and each neuron connects to another neuron. When the connection is made, it is in the form of an electrical impulse which travels down the connections between neurons.The neurons that carry these electrical impulses contain small gaps called synapses. These are important because they allow electrical activity, and hence brain functioning, to take place. In order for an impulse (or message) to go from one neuron across the synapse to another neuron. A number of important enzymes, called neurotransmitters, have to come into play. In total there six different groups of neurotransmitters and each one is specific to a particular type of brain cell. From the point of view of depression, the main neurotransmitters are serotonin and noradrenalin, sometimes called morphogenesis Priest).When we are depressed, physical changes take place within our bodies. The most Important of these changes takes place within the brain. It Is on this basis that depression is considered a physical illness, rather than merely something psychological or something that exists only in the imagination or perception of the ‘OFF sufferer (Pretest). I nerve Is a null degree AT variation among people Walt depression In terms of symptoms, course of illness, and response to treatment, indicating that depression may have a number of complex and interacting causes.These varying actors pose a major challenge to researchers attempting to understand and treat the disorder (Psych Central). However, recent advances in research technology are bringing National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) scientists closer than ever before to characterizing the biology and physiology of depression in its different forms and to the possibility of identifying effective treatments for individuals based on symptom presentation.People who suffer from depression have low levels of these two neurotransmitters, and this is thought to lead to the main symptoms of low mood, owe-energy, depressed outlook on life, disturbed sleep and a low drive or arousal which relates back to the definition of depression. The strengths of the biological perspective that relate to depression are the fact that depression is mainly a result of low levels of certain neurotransmitters. Another reason could be an imbalance of hormones, which would explain why nearly twice as many women as men are affected by a depressive illness each year.The influence of hormones on depression in women has been an active area of NIMH research. One recent study was the first to demonstrate that the troublesome depressive mood wings and physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (MS), a disorder affecting 3% to 7% of menstruating women, results from an abnormal response to normal hormone changes during the menstrual cycle. The hormonal system that regulates the body response to stress is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HAP) axis. It is overactive in many patients wi th depression.The hypothalamus, the brain region responsible for managing hormone release from glands throughout the body, increases production of a substance called corporation releasing factor (CRY), when a threat to physical or psychological well-being is detected. Elevated levels and effects of CRY lead to increased hormone secretion by the pituitary and adrenal glands which prepares the body for defensive action. NIMH research suggests that persistent over activation of this hormonal system may lay the groundwork for depression.The elevated CRY levels detectable in depressed patients are reduced by treatment with antidepressant drugs or ACT, and this reduction corresponds to improvement in depressive symptoms [ (Psych Central) In the sixties, the biological perspective became dominant due to numerous breakthroughs in genetics, psychopathology, neurophysiology, and brain research. Genetic research has also been able to show support that biological elements play a strong role in depression.Close relatives of people who suffer from depression were found to be more susceptible to depression in comparison to people of the general population. There has been extensive research done on trying to identify the gene that causes depression. However, it has been hard to identify the gene and researchers feel that there are several genes that contribute to depression, meaning that each gene makes a small contribution. Psychopathology provides more evidence that the biological perspective is the primary Doctor In oppression. Ever ten past cache, targeted rug eagles NAS lea to significant advances in the pharmacological management of depression. In the sass the introduction of the selective serotonin eruptive inhibitors (Girls), into clinical medicine was heralded as the â€Å"first class† of antidepressants with a selective action on a key neurological target in depression, namely serotonin. The selective serotonin eruptive inhibitors (Girls) are the most widely used antidepressants cause they are easy to use, and their side effects are better tolerated than those of older antidepressants.The most frequently used Girls are Florentine (Approach), serialize (Zloty), parenting (Paxar), and Catalonian (Clean). A newer antidepressant is ventilating (Officer), which is closely related to the Girls. Antidepressant medications take several weeks to be clinically effective even though they begin to alter brain chemistry with the very first dose. Research now indicates that antidepressant effects result from slow-onset adaptive changes within the neurons.The fact that a depressed person can take an antidepressant and feel better proves that depression is mainly the result of the biological perspective [ (â€Å"Pharmacology and Depression† Pumped. Gob) Neurophysiology is a branch of clinical psychology that studies how the brain and nervous system affect how we function on a daily basis. Unlike the use of normalizing techniques such as MR., CT scans and Egg's where the focus is on nervous system structures, neurophysiology seeks to understand how the various components of the brain are able to do their Jobs.Clinical neurophysiology makes SE of various assessment methods to ascertain function and dysfunction and applies this knowledge to evaluate, treat, and rehabilitate individuals with suspected or demonstrated neurological or psychological problems [ (Rightful. Com) In the past decade, there have been significant advances in our ability to investigate brain function at multiple levels. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is collaborating with various scientific disciplines to effectively utilize the tools of molecular and cellular biology and genetics.Modern brain imaging technologies re revealing that in depression, neural circuits responsible for the regulation of moods, thinking, sleep, appetite, and behavior fail to function properly, and that critical neurotransmitters, chemicals used by nerve cells to c ommunicate, are perhaps out of balance [ (Psych Central) The weaknesses of the biological perspective are that it does not take into account your environment, society, and culture. The behavioral perspective explains mental illness as a learned response to stimuli. From a behavioral perspective, learning theorists assume that depression and the lack of reinforcement are related.Most researchers think that depression results from an interaction between the person's biological characteristics and psychological vulnerability and the occurrence of stressful events in his or her life [ (Huckleberry) The socio-cultural perspective describes depression as the result of social, economic, and cultural factors. Strong evidence of this is shown among people living in poverty. In addition, there are other factors, such as today's high rate of unemployment and victims of social disasters like war. In ten manliest perspective, a person's Taller to Tina meaning In Tie or to lawful their potential can be attributed to depression.Abraham Mascot was an American psychologist who was best known for his theory of human motivation, which led to a therapeutic technique known as self-actualization. Mascot proposed that an individual is motivated by a hierarchy of needs. A humans basic needs must be met before higher ones can be satisfied. Arranged in order from lowest to highest in a hierarchy, the needs are physiological (satisfaction of hunger and thirst), safety (security), belongingness and love (being loved, avoiding loneliness), esteem achievement, recognition, self-esteem), self-actualization (realization of one's full potential).Mascot also believed that the achievement of self-actualization is often marked by peak experiences, feelings of incredible peace and happiness in the course of life activities. When these, hierarchy of needs that Mascot talks about are not met like being lonely, having low self esteem, and not reaching ones full potential in correlation with the biol ogical factors, you have a recipe for depression. Carl Rogers, a clinical psychologist, used the theory of self-concept, which he defined as n organized pattern of perceived characteristics along with the values attached to those attributes.He also assumed that within each individual there is a biological drive toward growth of self-concept, which can ultimately lead to self-actualization. Rogers believed that while children's self-concept is developing, they may internalize conditions of worth, Judgments about the kinds of behaviors that will bring approval from others. He felt that to promote growth and development, parents and authority figures should give a child unconditional acceptance and love, which allows a child to evolve self-acceptance and to achieve self-actualization.To help his clients get back on the road to self-actualization, he developed a therapeutic approach called client- centered therapy, in which the therapist offers the client unconditional positive regard b y supporting the client regardless of what is said. The warm, sympathetic therapeutic environment allows the client to be freed of internalized conditions of worth and to resume the self-actualization process [ (Huckleberry) In conclusion, by exploring the different psychological perspectives, I had to take y blinders off in order gain a greater understanding of depression and how it relates to the perspectives.

Research Paper On Artificial Intelligence - 1641 Words

Troy University IS 3310: XTIB Introduction to Information Systems and Data Analytics Artificial Intelligence Brittany Cook July 20, 2017 Abstract This research involves discovering how Artificial Intelligence (AI) has progressed and how it could potentially replace mankind. The goal of this research is to provide examples of how Artificial Intelligence is incorporated into our daily lives and provides an easier way of living. Today, we live in a world where technology is constantly advancing and executing tasks that make human lives easier. This research will show the impact AI has on the mankind and answer the question of: Could AI eventually replace mankind? Movies progess to elon musk future computers having on†¦show more content†¦The Internet, cell phones, and iPad and tablet devices are ways that artificial intelligence is apparent in our everyday lives. Artificial intelligence has also assisted humans with capabilities that are far beyond their power, such as space exploration, travelling unknown grounds in space, and creating machines that are a vital aspect of the United States Military. Artificial intelligen ce allows for an easier way to execute tasks, while still remaining efficient. Neural networks are a vast aspect of the topic of artificial intelligence. Artificial neural networks are composed of processing elements that process information and categorize them by subject and elements. Neural networks are used in a variety of aspects, even those as capital punishment cases and the legal system. Neural Networks (ANNs) can also be used to identify relationships between aspects that are not commonly understood. Recently, some concerns have been brought up about the topic of artificial intelligence replacing mankind. Though, I feel as if there is not a threat to humanity. Stephen Hawkins once quoted that â€Å"the development of full artificial intelligence could spark the end of the human race.† Many concerns of this nature have been around for several years, with no identifying evidence that artificial intelligence does in fact pose a threat to the human race. I believe some do not understand we control the extent toShow MoreRelatedIntroduction To Weakness Artificial Intelligence1060 Words   |  5 Pages301 October 10, 2017 Over the past decade, Artificial intelligence has grown to become a prominent element in the technological world and continues to expand rapidly. Artificial intelligence, defined by Dictionary.com, is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. Artificial intelligence has advanced far enough to the capability ofRead MoreFuture Of Life : Thanks With Artificial Intelligence1451 Words   |  6 PagesFuture of Life: Thanks to Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is soon to be a massively important and relevant part of our future. I have no doubt about it, and knowing this... I began my research simply wanting to know more about AI and it’s current and speculative uses and capabilities. I wanted to know how we planned to accommodate for the biggest change our species has ever experienced, I wanted to find out how legislature would adapt, how research would spring up, how productionRead MoreArtificial Intelligence : The Science And The Future Utilization Of The Ai1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe Paper gives a brief depiction of the Artificial Intelligence in the diverse fields and the future utilization of the AI which achieves the level of human knowledge in the propelled fields of the day by day attempt and how it suffocates us into its innovation are discussed in the paper. 1.INTRODUCTION: (J.Nilsson, 2008) It is seen that computerized reasoning is assuming an extraordinary part in the research of advanced science and operational research regions.In the future intelligent machinesRead More The Connections Between Artificial Intelligence and Other Fields1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe Connections Between Artificial Intelligence and Other Fields. Abstract Through examples from several fields, this paper will describe the connections between Artificial Intelligence and other areas. Some of these areas make great contributions to AI research, others gain knowledge and technique from that same AI research. This paper will further detail the incredible capacity of AI research to be applied elsewhere to solve similar problems. The goal of this paper is to describe to the readerRead MoreWeb Intelligence And Its Usefulness1543 Words   |  7 Pagesareas and disciplinary of research available and Web Intelligence (WI) is one of the new sub disciplinary of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Advanced IT. When AI and IT is implemented on web it defines WI. WI is used to develop web – empowered system, Wisdom Web, Web Mining, web site automation, etc. In this paper, detail discussion is done on Web Intelligence and its usefulness in developing intelligent web. Many literatures are also discussed related to the Web Intelligence and at the e nd challengesRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Most Important And Interesting One?1432 Words   |  6 Pagesupon is Artificial Intelligence. For this essay, the topic of ethics that I chose to write about is the Case Study on Artificial Intelligence; I chose this topic because I felt like it was the most important and interesting one. There are many different views and ideas concerning the subject of Artificial Intelligence and this paper will outline a few of the benefits and drawbacks associated with Artificial Intelligence and whether or not it is moral or ethical. 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Some believe that it will help solve many societal issues, others fear that it will cause furtherRead MoreArtificial Intelligence In Technology1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The increasing use of artificial intelligence in technology will transform our societies for the worse.† Module: FC-503 Tutor Name: Assessment type: Essay Student Number: T0061516 Word Count: The theme of the 2017 Summer Davos meeting was about the fourth revolution of science and technology and artificial intelligence was undoubtedly one of the main topics discussed by people. From driving interactive voice with nobody to Alphago defeat the invincible chess champion Ke Jie (GibneyRead MoreThe Controversy of Artificial Intelligence1476 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout its history, artificial intelligence has always been a topic with much controversy. Should human intelligence be mimicked? If so, are there ethical bounds on what computers should be programmed to do? These are a couple of question that surround the artificial intelligence controversy. This paper will discuss the pros and cons of artificial intelligence so that you will be able to make an educated decision on the issue. What is Artificial Intelligence? The first step in getting anywhereRead Morepsy 3601407 Words   |  6 Pages Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Cognitive Psychology/PSY360 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes surrounding learning, memory, perception, and thought. Though it is still a relatively new formal branch of psychology, its roots extend back to Descartes who sought a way to explain how the mind worked, proposing the analogy of a â€Å"hydraulic system of nerve function† (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he observed animated statues

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What Role Does Sleep Play On Memory Formation - 2345 Words

Experimental Psychology Cover Sheet 2014-15 Student Number (7-digit number): 1313711 Candidate Number (5- digit located on your StudentInfo under Personal Details): 66078 The unit code and title: PSYC20002 Cognitive Psychology Assignment: Cognitive Essay Due date: 06/02/2015 Question Number and Essay Title: What role does sleep play in memory formation? Word count (excluding title, abstract, cover sheet and references): I have checked this work through Turnitin: Yes/No Originality statement: By submitting this work online, using my unique log-in and password, I declare that this submission is entirely my own work. And that it does not contain any plagiarised material. I understand that all work is submitted to Turnitin plagiarism detection software. What role does sleep play in memory formation? Abstract Memory formation can be described as the process through which neuronal activity produces long-term synaptic changes (Hebb, 1949), and involves both encoding and consolidation. Sleep consists of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, with the latter including slow wave sleep (SWS). Predominantly, sleep plays a role in the consolidation of new memories, but also benefits encoding via increases in concentration (Sarode, et al., 2013). The extent of these benefits depends on a number of factors including the duration and time of sleep after learning (Diekelmann, Wilhelm, Born, 2009). SWS and REM sleep also influence memory formation, withShow MoreRelatedThe Function Of Sleep Behavior1420 Words   |  6 Pagesstandpoint, that sleep is an important part of the success of an animal. But what fitness does sleep confer to an organism? Although sleep occurs across many species of animals, the function of sleep behavior is not fully understood. Studies might suggest that this behavior might play a role in several important processes, such as the regeneration of tissue and energy management (Sara, 2017, Rasch and Born, 2013). Recent work in the field suggests slow-wave sleep may fulfill another critical role in the consolidationRead MoreThe Benefits Of Sleeping On A Problem Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesThe Benefits of Sleeping on a Problem Introduction If you’re like most people, you have probably been told, when you’re struggling with a problem or decision, that it’s a good idea to sleep on it. It’s something that people say so frequently that it has become something of a clichà ©. Like most clichà ©s, though, it turns out that there’s some truth to it. In 1865, a German chemist named Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz solved a problem that had been puzzling scientists for decades. He publishedRead MoreOrigins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet1462 Words   |  6 Pagesunder cognitive psychology are perception, memory, imagery, concept formation, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, and language. Not only that, cognitive psychologists explain that a human mind works like a computer that sequentially takes in information(gathers), processes it( encodes), and then produces a response, hence called the information-processing approach. Neuroscientific/Biopsychological: This school of thought emphasizes on the role of biological factors on behavior. PsychologistsRead MoreThe Primary Literature On Sleep And Memory Essay3333 Words   |  14 Pagesreview some of the primary literature on sleep and memory as it relates to learning; evaluate conceptions of mindfulness, it’s relationship to learning, and its functional influence on sleep; and conclude with a discussion about further research into the intersection of mindfulness, memory formation and learning, and sleep. 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What does the research tell us about each hemispheres ability to function independently (e.g., cognitively, creatively, etc.) and in unison? What are the implications for the cognitive neuroscientist in terms of research? Even though a variability of neurochemical and neuroanatomical sections are involved in the preparation of memory, functional specialization significantly regulates what kind of material can be learned or even documented byRead MoreHow Does Learning Correlate With The Hindbrain, Midbrain, And Forebrain1538 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is to discuss how we learn. How does learning correlate with the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. Also, I discussed how the different structures work in relation to the learning process. Furthermore, I have discussed how disease and injury may affect learning. I used several different resources to gather my information including: educational video, scholarly journals, and my textbook. What is the brain’s role in the learning process? Does the learning process include the threeRead MoreMemory And Memory Of Memory1866 Words   |  8 PagesMemory is a vital component in our body in which shapes who we are, considering the memory is where all our knowledge and past experiences are stored. As the knowledge and past experiences we gather throughout our lifetime are irreplaceable, that is why we must ensure that our memory systems are kept in perfect condition, making sure that we put effort into enhancing our memories in keeping what we cherish the most. Researchers have shown that it is possible to use techniques to ameliorate memoryRead MoreThe Crucible: Judgment849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible: Judgment The definition of judgment according to Encarta Encyclopedia, is the formation of an opinion. It is a simple definition,clear and direct. Although, there is more to the word judgment than meets the eye. What about the last word in the definition? What is an opinion? An opinion is described as a belief or conclusion that is held without any substantial proof. That word might not seem to have too much significance at this very moment, but it did back in 1692, in Salem, MassachusettsRead MoreThe Effects Of Ptsd On The Body1112 Words   |  5 Pagesinitial formation of the wound. Not all injuries are physical. Some are emotional, and they can also be mental. The effects of the trauma can be on the body or the mind. It all leaves a reminder as to what happened and how you felt when it happened. These physical or psychological/physical traumas can cause stress however with work and time will be able to overcome the damage of the injury. PTSD is a severe form of anxiety that affects a person so deeply that they cannot overcome the memories of the

Operations Management for Changi Airport- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOperations Management for Changi Airport. Answer: Value Chain for the Passengers Operations The Changi Airport, Singapore is a busy airport with passengers visiting the airport from all over the world. The operations of the transfer of the inbound and outbound passengers have a key role to play. The value chain for the operations of the passengers of the Changi Airport at the Terminals 1, 2, 3 and possible 4, includes a series of operations (Boonekamp Burghouwt, 2017). As the passengers arrive at the terminals, the boarding passes are verified long with their passports. After checking the validity of the boarding passes and the passengers are directed to the lounge or the waiting area (Goetz, 2015). In order to ensure that the value chain is efficient and the comforts of the passengers are not compromised, attendants are allocated. The waiting area has a lot of refreshment options along with duty free shops. The passengers, while waiting are able to chose from a wide variety of food, along with shopping from the duty free shops. Moreover, for further entertainment, the pas sengers might avail the lounge access, where free buffet is available for the passengers. Other entertaining and leisure activities such as television, swimming pools, gyms, indoor gaming options, Internet gaming options are also available in the lounges (Jarach, 2017). The passengers travelling in the economic class have to pay to access the lounge, while the passengers travelling in the business class have free access to the lounge, and access to all the facilities available. This creates an effective value chain and the passengers are satisfied and impressed. Moreover, waiting for the flights remain boring no more and these attractions increases the footfall of people at the Changi Airport. The pre transport and post transport of the passengers to and from the terminals adds to the value chain (Merkert Alexander, 2016). The passengers are transferred to and from the terminals in luxurious trains and hence the comfort and convenience of the passengers are given adequate importance. Thus, the value chain for the passengers operations of the Changi Airport is efficient enough thus giving the airport an international recognition. The foods that are served, along with the duty free stores that are available provide world-class products thus enhancing the value chain efficiency. Moreover, the passengers travelling at a regular basis are also given loyalty cards and offers such that they are able to access more facilities and get better services at a lower pri ce. Supply Chain for the Passengers Operations The supply chain for the passengers operations at the Changi Airport includes a series of stages, from the time when the passenger enters the Changi Airport, to the time the flight in which the passengers are boarded takes off. The supply chain for departing passengers are described below: Passenger arrives at the airport. A parking access is to be provided to the arriving passenger, such that the car in which the passenger arrives could be parked quickly, without creating congestion (Sien Singh, 2016). Once the car of the passenger is parked, the availability of the trolley to carry the luggage needs to be ensured. Arriving at the terminal, the waiting time of the passengers have to be reduced such that all the passengers can board their flight on time. The reduction in the waiting time is possible only if the number of staffs and the efficiency of the staffs are enhanced. The aged and the disabled passengers are directed to a special queue, where the waiting time is minimum. The ease of finding the way to the particular terminal has to be ensured. In order to do so, appropriate displays are to be put up, along with display screens to direct the passengers to the right terminals. Elevators and walk elevators need to be provided by the airport such that the passengers find it easier to travel to their destined terminal. Facilities such as ATMs, shopping plazas, lounges and restaurants are to be provided for the ease of the passengers (Tretheway Markhvida, 2014). The ease of accessibility of the washrooms need to be ensured with clear indications of the position of the washrooms. At the security check point, the passengers need to be assisted and the waiting time should be minimised. The courtesy of the staffs are also an essential part of the process. Finally, the passengers are send for the immigration clearance after which the passengers are ready to board the flight. Thus, the supply chain and its efficiency has a key role to play in ensuring that the passengers are satisfied with the services provided. References Boonekamp, T., Burghouwt, G. (2017). Measuring connectivity in the air freight industry.Journal of Air Transport Management,61, 81-94. Goetz, A. R. (2015). 24 The expansion of large international hub airports.International Handbook on Transport and Development, 363. Jarach, D. (2017).Airport marketing: strategies to cope with the new millennium environment. Routledge. Merkert, R., Alexander, D. W. (2016). Managing Freight Operations Chains of Passenger Airlines at International Airports. InAirline Efficiency(pp. 221-241). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Sien, C. L., SINGH, K. (2016). Development of Singapores Global Air Transport Hub.50 Years of Transportation in Singapore: Achievements and Challenges. Tretheway, M. W., Markhvida, K. (2014). The aviation value chain: Economic returns and policy issues.Journal of Air Transport Management,41, 3-16.

Spender And Sankichi Two Views Of Disaster Essay Example For Students

Spender And Sankichi: Two Views Of Disaster Essay Stephen Spenders Epilogue to a Human Drama and Toge Sankichis Dying are poems detailing the destruction of two cities, London and Hiroshima, respectively, during or after World War II bombings. Spender wrote Epilogue to a Human Drama, hereafter referred to as Epilogue, after a December air raid of London during the Battle of Britain, which ravaged and razed much of England from Summer 1940 until Spring 1941. Sankichi wrote Dying from his vivid recollections of the surprise atomic bombing of Hiroshima, which decimated the Japanese city in less than a second. Both the Battle of Britain and Hiroshima were horrible, senseless, and vicious incidents that exacted gave tolls on innocent victims. Spender endured the Battle of Britain, and Sankichi experienced the horror of Hiroshima. The poets responses differ greatly in style and perspective, but each work clearly defines the ramifications of atrocities such as those committed against Spender, Sankichi, and the populations of London and Hir oshima. We will write a custom essay on Spender And Sankichi: Two Views Of Disaster specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Englands Royal Air Force battled Germanys Luftwaffe from August 1940 until May 1941. During that conflict, England was subjected to air raids day and night. When Hitler finally withdrew his birds of war, four hundred thousand British citizens had been killed, forty-six thousand had been seriously wounded, and one million homes had been leveled. After one raid, a relief team helped a woman who had covered been covered in powdered brick and plaster and was bleeding profusely. As they aided her, she repeated four words continually in a tone of quiet terror: Mans inhumanity to manMans inhumanity to man (Jablonski 148). Stephen Spender was in London for the duration of the bombings. He saw the demolition of surrounding buildings. He heard the droning of approaching bombers. He smelled the smoke of raging infernos. In his autobiography World Within World, Spender describes his mental condition during the raids as a trance-like condition and describes how he forced himself to think of places and things as merely mental concepts in order to avoid losing mental control (285). Hiroshimas destruction came without warning. Japanese High Command, which was located Hiroshimas ancient castle, was alerted early to the approach of the Enola Gay by an observation post on the island of Shikoku. The High Command elected to sound no air raid warning because they considered it senseless to disrupt work in local armament factories due to a single plane (Bruckner 98). At precisely 8:15 AM local time, the fuse was lit inside the descending bomb. Seconds later, in a blinding flash of sheer energy, several million degrees of heat were unleashed on the people of Hiroshima. In less than a second, eighty-six thousand one hundred men, women, and children were burned to death. Seventy-two thousand were severely injured; many of who would die later from atomic bomb sickness (Bruckner 99). Many survivors of Hiroshima place thanks for their lives on many small items of chance or volition-a step taken in time, a decision to go indoors, catching one street car instead of the next(Hersey 30). Toge Sankichi is one such survivor. In the introduction to his poem Dying, Sankichi reveals that he was three kilometers from Ground Zero and preparing to visit downtown Hiroshima when the bomb detonated (29). If he had left a few minutes earlier, Sankichi would not have survived the first few moments. Instead, he sustained cuts from shards of glass and atomic bomb sickness, which may have contributed to his early demise in 1953. Spenders Epilogue and Sankichis Dying differ dramatically in presentation. The titles illustrate the basic contrast. Spenders poem is an epilogue to what he compares to a play: It is written after a raid is over and is a reflection of what Spender has witnessed. Sankichis poem possesses immediacy because his narration begins at the moment of detonation. Spend er focuses his attention on the city of London as a whole. This viewpoint is possible because he had already experienced months of bombardment and had tried to separate himself mentally from the events transpiring around him. Critic A.K. Weatherhead noted that Spenders poems are detached from the everyday things of the world (323). This is obviously true for Epilogue, and Spender describes his attempts at detachment in his autobiography (285). He surveys the effects of a human drama on the city as a whole. Spender details the effects on the West End, around St. Pauls Cathedral, and on the soul of London. .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 , .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .postImageUrl , .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 , .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:hover , .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:visited , .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:active { border:0!important; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:active , .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3 .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6cdab24572292de0062134e06d20cc3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Susan B. Anthony EssaySankichi is caught in the suddenness of the atomic strike. Hiroshima had not suffered months of bombings as London had. Sankichi was not expecting the attack. Sankichi cannot afford to mimic Spenders detachment. Dying is not a deliberately designed reflection like Epilogue. Instead, it is a panicked recording of a rapid assault of chaotic images. Dying depicts only what is occurring in the authors immediate vicinity. The surprise and suddenness of the bombing prevent Sankichi from surveying the damage on a wide scale. He is too shocked and confused to think about anything except what is in his immediate field of vision. Aside from difference in viewpoints, these two poems differ significantly in style. Spender writes Epilogue in a series of stanzas. Possessing no rhyming or rhythmic pattern, the stanzas are instead divided by topic. The first stanza describes physical damage to London. Daichess comment that Spender could show a quiet descriptive control in descriptive or confessional verse is obvious in this stanza (322). Spender paints a verbal mural of when the gas mains burned blue and gold / And stucco and brick were pulverized to a cloud / Pungent with smells of mice, dust, garlic, anxiety (2-4). These descriptions provide emotional fuel for his accusations in the following stanza. In the second stanza Spender discusses his opinion that this destruction could have been prevented. In lines ten through twelve he states that, Then the one voice through deserted streets / Was the Cassandra bell which rang and rang and ran / Released at last by time, comparing the air raid warning to the prophet Cas sandra, whose predictions were always true but never heeded. In his autobiography, Spender explicitly states that Hitler could have been stopped in the 1930s and that the war could have been easily avoided (202). The third stanza discusses Londons resilience and leads into the metaphor of the disaster as a drama. Spender notes that London burned with unsentimental dignity (16). St. Pauls Cathedral is used in the stanza to symbolize that dignity. On December 29, 1940, the cathedral stood virtually unscathed as buildings surrounding it were consumed by blazes. Emergency crews around the cathedral noticed that an incendiary was lodged in the buildings dome, readily to fall inside and destroy the centuries-old church. To everyones amazement, the incendiary fell the other way and rolled off the dome onto the street below, leaving the cathedral intact (Jablonski 146). This connotation provides the power behind Spenders use of the cathedral as a metaphor for Londons dignity. The final stan za is the metaphor of the bombing as a play. Spender makes London, home to innumerable stages, as a grand stage on which there were heroes, maidens, fools, / Victims, a Chorus (27-28). He defines the actions of the players. The heroes, presumably the RAF, fight bravely. The fools try to make light of the situation with jokes. The victims wait for help. The Chorus, who are the volunteer relief crews, help victims make sense of the circumstances by Praising the heroes, deploring the morals of the wicked / Underlining punishment, justifying Doom to Truth (34-35). While Epilogue is reflective and deliberate, Dying is immediate and urgent. Sankichis style bears no semblance of order. It begins with alarm and ends with confusion. There is no attempt to make sense of what has happened. While Spender uses symbolism, Sankichi has no need for it. His vivid images of gory chaos communicate on much stronger frequencies than any possible symbol. There is no thoughtful debate or metaphoric explanation. Sankichi fires direct descriptions that explain all possible dimensions of terror. The opening lines send the reader hurtling into alarm. Sankichi begins:!Loud in my ear: screams. Soundlessly welling up,pouncing on me:space, all upside down. (1-5)The lines are terse and blunt, reading like the panicked descriptions of a man short of breath, which is precisely what they are. Sankichis brief but harsh verse arrests the attention of the reader, bludgeoning him with frenzied depictions of pain and chaos. The first line, consisting of only an exclamation point, explains a shock so powerful that no words could describe its impact. Sankichi realizes that he is on fire. He douses himself with water, and The clothes I splash water on / burn, drop off: / gone (24-26). It is an additional five lines, probably actually less than a second, before he realizes that a sheet of molten lead is attached to his back. He screams in agony as Eddies / of flame and smoke / blow down on my broken head (36-38). Sankichi succeeds in transmitting horror by not describing the horror. He simply describes what is horrible: He does not need to say that it is horrible for the reader to unders tand the feeling. Sankichi describes stomachs distended like great drums along the road (56). He sees bits of flesh, an eyeball, and brain matter. As the reader becomes overwhelmed by these terrible images, so does Sankichi. His body still shrieking with pain, he falls to the ground. His shock quickly becomes confusion. Sankichis last lines are:Why?Why hereby the side of the roadcut off, dear, from you;whymustIdie? (78-86)These two works and authors take very different approaches to the destruction occurring around them. Spender is detached and reflective; Sankichi is involved and immediate. They do, however, share confusion as to what is happening to their respective cities. Spender, surveying the damage, realizes this could have been prevented. Sankichi, witnessing unimaginable horror, simply asks Why? (78). Each of these poems serve as a testament to readers who have never experienced war of the often imagined but never fully comprehended costs of war and mans inhumanity to man. .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 , .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .postImageUrl , .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 , .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:hover , .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:visited , .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:active { border:0!important; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:active , .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593 .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f424aee3db167716fc4decf84032593:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Battle Of Little Big Horn (1235 words) EssayWorks CitedBruckner, Karl. The Day of the Bomb. Trans. Frances Lobb. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., 1962, 98-99. Daiches, David. The Present Age in British Literature. N.p.: Indiana University Press, 1958, 48-49. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1973, 322. Hersey, John. Hiroshima. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1946, 30. Jablonski, Edward. Terror from the Sky. New York: Doubleday and Company, 1971, 144-148. Sankichi, Toge. Introduction. Dying. by Sankichi. Trans. Richard H. Minear. Poems for the Millennium: The University of California Book of Modern and Postmodern Poetry Volume Two. Ed. Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998, 29. Sankichi, Toge. Dying. Trans. Richard H. Minear. Poems for the Millennium: The University of California Book of Modern and Postmodern Poetry Volume Two. Ed. Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998, 29-31. Spender, Stephen. Epilogue to a Human Drama. Collected Poems. New York: Random House, 1955, 134-135. Spender, Stephen. World Within World: The Autobiography of Stephen Spender. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. Weatherhead, A.K. Stephen Spender: Lyric Impulse and Will. Comtemporary Literature. Vol. 12, No. 4. N.p.: Regents of the University of Wisconsin, 1971, 451-465. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1973, 323. Words/ Pages : 1,970 / 24